@@ -240,9 +240,41 @@ Colectivo de Pensamiento Neo-Liberal [@mirowski-2013]. La lección
constructivista ha sido abrazada porque sostiene la premisa que la
propiedad y los mercados pueden ser construidos "hasta abajo".
The two sources of the predominant critique of intellectual property
In the early 1980s, copyright law was extended in most Western countries, from literary and artistic works to machine-readable language, i.e. software code. Corresponding with the expansion of the property regime, resistance to the same came into being. It was now that Richard Stallman invented the concept of free software and created a license to go with it. The General Public License (GPL) exploited the contractual rights invested in the author of a copyrighted work to specify the conditions of how his/her work may be used. The conditions laid down in GPL ensured public access to a work by ”excluding the excluders”. The rhetorical armament against intellectual property was worked out in the same decade. Stewart Brand, publisher of the Whole Earth Catalogue, veteran of the American counter-culture movement in the 1960s, and a pioneer of the computer underground, articulated the key tenets of what later became the predominant critique against intellectual property:
The two sources of the predominant critique of intellectual property In
the early 1980s, copyright law was extended in most Western countries,
from literary and artistic works to machine-readable language, i.e.
software code. Corresponding with the expansion of the property regime,
resistance to the same came into being. It was now that Richard Stallman
invented the concept of free software and created a license to go with
it. The General Public License (GPL) exploited the contractual rights
invested in the author of a copyrighted work to specify the conditions
of how his/her work may be used. The conditions laid down in GPL ensured
public access to a work by ”excluding the excluders”. The rhetorical
armament against intellectual property was worked out in the same
decade. Stewart Brand, publisher of the Whole Earth Catalogue, veteran
of the American counter-culture movement in the 1960s, and a pioneer
of the computer underground, articulated the key tenets of what later
became the predominant critique against intellectual property:
Las dos fuentes de la crítica predominante de la propiedad intelectual
A principios de los '80, la regulación del copyright fue extendida en
los países occidentales, de las obras literarias y artísticas al
lenguaje entendible por máquinas, es decir el código del software. En
correspondencia a esta expansión del régimen de propiedad, surgió la
resistencia. En este momento Richard Stallman inventó el concepto de
Software Libre y creó una licencia que lo acompañe. La Licencia Pública
General (GPL por sus siglas en inglés) explotaba los derechos
contractuales otorgados al autor de una cobra bajo copyright, para
especificar las condiciones bajo los que su obra puede ser usada. Las
condiciones impuestas por la GPL aseguran el acceso público a una obra
al "excluir a los excluidores". El armamento retórico contra la
propiedad intelectual fue desarrollado durante la misma década. Stewart
Brand, el editor del _Whole Earth Catalogue_, veterano del movimiento
contracultural estadounidense de los '60 y pionero del _underground_
informático, articuló los principios clave de lo que luego se
convertiría en la crítica predominante de la propiedad intelectual:
“Information wants to be free. Information also wants to be expensive. Information wants to be free because it has become so cheap to distribute, copy, and recombine—too cheap to meter. It wants to be expensive because it can be immeasurably valuable to the recipient” (Brand 1987, 202).
